Stargardt disease is caused by genetic mutations in the ABCA4 gene. This inherited condition disrupts the proper functioning of cells responsible for protein production within the ABCA4 gene. Furthermore, the ABCA4 gene plays a crucial role in regulating vitamin A metabolism in the body. When this gene mutates, it leads to the accumulation of toxic waste products, particularly a compound called lipofuscin, in the retinal cells. This buildup ultimately impairs retinal function and results in progressive vision loss.