Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a hereditary disease that affects nerve cells called motor neurons, which control voluntary muscle movements. As these nerve cells in the spinal cord lose their function, muscles cannot receive the necessary signals and gradually shrink and weaken (atrophy) over time. This condition leads to a gradual loss of the patient's ability to control arm, leg, head, and neck muscles. Basic movements such as walking, crawling, head and neck control, swallowing, and breathing are affected by this disease. However, despite the muscle loss and weakness caused by SMA, the senses of sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch, along with mental and emotional functions, remain completely normal.