Melanin is a pigment produced by melanocyte cells found in the skin, hair, and eyes. Albinism is a condition resulting from a mutation in one of the genes responsible for melanin production, leading to a reduced amount of melanin or its complete absence. Mutations in different genes cause various types of albinism. Normally, melanin absorbs the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays, protecting the skin from harmful effects and enabling tanning upon sun exposure. However, in individuals with albinism who have a melanin deficiency or absence, sun exposure easily leads to sunburn. Furthermore, melanin plays a critical role in the development of the eyes and optic nerves. Consequently, melanin deficiency in albinism can lead to changes in neural connections between the retina and the brain, conditions like foveal hypoplasia, and various visual impairments.