Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong developmental condition typically manifesting within the first three years of life. It is primarily characterized by significant challenges in establishing and maintaining social relationships, as well as difficulties in both verbal and non-verbal communication, including eye contact, gestures, and facial expressions. Individuals with ASD may exhibit delayed or limited speech development, alongside repetitive behaviors such as arm flapping, and sensitivities, for instance, an aversion to loud sounds.
While symptoms usually emerge in early childhood, leading to its classification as a developmental disorder, diagnosis can occur at any age. In some cases, signs may appear before the age of one, while in others, initial psycho-social development may seem typical, followed by a noticeable regression or plateau in skills after early milestones like uttering first words.
Autism is believed to stem from neurological differences affecting brain structure and function. It is important to note that ASD is not linked to parenting styles or a family's socioeconomic background.