The precise cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not fully understood and cannot be attributed to a single underlying factor. Research indicates that ASD is a multifactorial condition resulting from a complex interplay of genetic and non-genetic factors. These factors include environmental influences such as birth complications, viral infections, and environmental pollution. Over 100 genes on various chromosomes are thought to contribute to ASD with varying degrees of severity. Furthermore, albeit rarely, autistic features are observed in certain genetic disorders, neurometabolic conditions (disruptions in brain chemistry), or conditions like epilepsy, which impair brain functions and cellular communication.