Stem cell transplantation is not a necessary or suitable treatment option for every patient with acute leukemia. The decision for transplantation is made by evaluating factors such as the white blood cell count at the onset of the disease, the response to remission induction therapy, the minimal residual disease status, and the type of genetic mutations detected. Based on these data, the patient's risk group is determined. In high-risk patients, allogeneic stem cell transplantation from a sibling or an unrelated matched donor is preferred. Blood samples are taken from the patient scheduled for transplantation and potential donors to assess tissue compatibility, and the final transplantation decision is made according to the degree of compatibility.