Dysentery is an infectious intestinal inflammation caused by various microorganisms such as bacteria, amoebae, and viruses. It can easily spread from person to person due to inadequate hygiene practices. Consumption of contaminated water and poorly washed food are also common routes of transmission.

The main causes of dysentery include:
- Consumption of contaminated water or food.
- Food preparation by someone with inadequate hand hygiene.
- Sexual contact, particularly via the anal-oral route.

Dysentery is generally divided into two main types:
1. Bacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis): This form is caused by bacteria such as Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and certain types of E. coli.
2. Amoebic Dysentery (Amebiasis): This type is caused by a parasite (amoeba) named Entamoeba histolytica.