Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), often known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. These motor neurons are responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movement, including actions like chewing, speaking, moving the limbs, and breathing. As ALS progresses, these motor neurons degenerate, leading to muscle weakness, atrophy, and eventually paralysis. Patients may experience worsening symptoms over time, including difficulty with basic functions. Ultimately, respiratory muscle failure is a common cause of death, as the lungs become unable to adequately supply oxygen to the blood.

While there is currently no cure for ALS, ongoing research and advancements continue to improve symptomatic treatments. These treatments, when properly administered, can help manage symptoms and may slow the progression of the disease, improving the quality of life for those affected.