Stem cells are fundamental, unspecialized cells found in all tissues of the human body. Possessing the remarkable potential to differentiate into all other cell types, these cells are present in higher concentrations during the embryonic stage and in specific areas of the adult body, particularly where tissue regeneration is active. When tissue damage occurs, stem cells activate, releasing essential growth factors for repair and simultaneously transforming into the specialized tissue cells required for the healing process. Due to their critical role in this natural repair and regeneration mechanism, stem cell therapies are increasingly gaining prominence in clinical applications, with promising research outcomes supporting their efficacy.

Given ethical and legal constraints, adult stem cell sources are primarily utilized today. In orthopedics, stem cell therapy is employed for patients with early-stage cartilage damage and painful joints who are either not yet suitable for surgical intervention or are unwilling to undergo surgery. This treatment is successfully applied to halt the progression of cartilage damage and support the joint's natural healing process.