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Cervical precancerous changes detected by a smear test can be classified as follows, depending on the severity and grade of the disease:
ASCUS: Cells obtained via a smear test are evaluated by a pathologist. If the pathologist suspects but is unsure about the presence of precancerous cells in one or two areas during this evaluation, it is reported as ASCUS. This diagnosis does not definitively indicate cellular abnormality. However, in such a case, a one-year wait for a repeat smear test is not necessary; a repeat smear test should be done after 2-3 months.
Instead of waiting 2-3 months for a repeat smear in an ASCUS diagnosis, a detailed evaluation of the cervix is performed using a magnifying instrument called a colposcope. If a risky/suspicious finding is detected during this evaluation, a tissue sample can be taken from that area as a small piece via a cervical biopsy procedure for definitive diagnosis.
In patients with ASCUS, a Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) typing test can be performed to obtain detailed information about the significance of the event. Based on this result, an HPV vaccine can be administered, or a detailed evaluation can be performed using colposcopy.
Waiting 2-3 months for a repeat smear is harmless; the disease does not progress during this time.
LSIL: Cellular abnormalities have been detected in some areas as a result of the smear test examination. The detected precancerous cells do not indicate that the patient has cervical cancer. In 90% of cases diagnosed with LSIL, spontaneous healing and complete health occur if the immune system is strong. However, in 10% of patients with a weak immune system who neglect follow-up and health checks, the disease may progress to the third-degree disease stage called HSIL.
Patients with LSIL undergo a detailed examination of the cervix using a colposcope. Thin tissue samples are taken from suspicious areas. This is called a "cervical biopsy" procedure. The procedure may be slightly painful, but anesthesia is not necessary.
HSIL: A colposcopy must be performed, and a tissue sample should be taken via biopsy. The approach depends on the biopsy report.
How to Interpret a Pap Smear Result?
ASCUS: Cells obtained via a smear test are evaluated by a pathologist. If the pathologist suspects but is unsure about the presence of precancerous cells in one or two areas during this evaluation, it is reported as ASCUS. This diagnosis does not definitively indicate cellular abnormality. However, in such a case, a one-year wait for a repeat smear test is not necessary; a repeat smear test should be done after 2-3 months.
Instead of waiting 2-3 months for a repeat smear in an ASCUS diagnosis, a detailed evaluation of the cervix is performed using a magnifying instrument called a colposcope. If a risky/suspicious finding is detected during this evaluation, a tissue sample can be taken from that area as a small piece via a cervical biopsy procedure for definitive diagnosis.
In patients with ASCUS, a Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) typing test can be performed to obtain detailed information about the significance of the event. Based on this result, an HPV vaccine can be administered, or a detailed evaluation can be performed using colposcopy.
Waiting 2-3 months for a repeat smear is harmless; the disease does not progress during this time.
LSIL: Cellular abnormalities have been detected in some areas as a result of the smear test examination. The detected precancerous cells do not indicate that the patient has cervical cancer. In 90% of cases diagnosed with LSIL, spontaneous healing and complete health occur if the immune system is strong. However, in 10% of patients with a weak immune system who neglect follow-up and health checks, the disease may progress to the third-degree disease stage called HSIL.
Patients with LSIL undergo a detailed examination of the cervix using a colposcope. Thin tissue samples are taken from suspicious areas. This is called a "cervical biopsy" procedure. The procedure may be slightly painful, but anesthesia is not necessary.
HSIL: A colposcopy must be performed, and a tissue sample should be taken via biopsy. The approach depends on the biopsy report.