The human body consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes, each carrying our genetic information. On these chromosomes, genetic information that ensures an individual's healthy development, as well as genetic information that can lead to various diseases, is encoded. Over 15,000 genetic diseases have been identified to date, and this number is continuously increasing.

Genetic diseases typically arise at the moment of fertilization when sperm and egg combine; that is, when a pregnancy occurs, the baby's basic genetic structure is determined. While some abnormalities or diseases that may exist in this genetic structure can be detected prenatally (in the womb), others can only be diagnosed after birth.

Prenatal screening and diagnostic tests are important medical procedures aimed at identifying potential defects or disease risks in a baby's genetic structure while it is still in the womb.