During hemodialysis, an artificial kidney device (hemodialyzer) is used to remove excess water and waste products from the blood. Blood drawn from the patient enters the hemodialyzer, where it is filtered, and the purified blood is then returned to the body. A critical step in the treatment is establishing appropriate vascular access for connection to the dialysis machine. To ensure adequate blood flow, three main access methods are used: catheter, arteriovenous fistula, or graft. Throughout hemodialysis treatment, the patient's general condition is closely monitored, and the frequency of treatment sessions is determined based on monthly blood test results.