Amyloidosis is a group of rare diseases characterized by the buildup of an abnormal protein called amyloid in various organs and tissues of the body. This protein accumulation can disrupt the normal functions of the affected organs, leading to serious health problems and, over time, organ failure. The kidneys, heart, liver, nervous system, and digestive system are among the organs most commonly affected by amyloidosis.
Amyloidosis can manifest widely throughout the body (systemic) or be confined to a specific area (localized). Systemic amyloidosis is the most common type, affecting multiple organs and tissues; in some cases, it can cause life-threatening organ damage. Localized amyloidosis, on the other hand, affects only a single organ or region of the body and generally has more limited effects compared to its systemic counterpart.