The birth of premature babies before their retinal blood vessel development is complete triggers abnormal vessel growth by causing abnormal signals (e.g., VEGF release) in avascular areas. These pathological vessels can lead to intraocular hemorrhages and retinal detachment, resulting in severe vision loss. The risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) increases as birth weight and gestational age decrease. While ROP is observed in approximately 80% of 25-week-old babies, this rate is around 10% in babies born under 32 weeks. Approximately 10% of these cases can regress spontaneously and improve without the need for treatment. However, regular follow-up examinations are of great importance until retinal vascularization is fully complete.