The Schirmer test, which measures dry eye, can be used in the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome. The Schirmer test measures tear production. A salivary gland biopsy is necessary for definitive diagnosis. If the pathology results of the salivary gland biopsy are consistent with Sjögren's syndrome, the diagnosis is made. Blood tests may show positive results for rheumatoid factors, known as rheumatism tests. Some patients may experience anemia and low white blood cell counts.

In patients suspected of having dry eyes, the Schirmer test can confirm dry eye. Certain antibodies detectable in blood tests may aid in diagnosis (anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/La, ANA, RF).

Definitive diagnosis of the disease is made with a salivary gland biopsy.