Spina bifida aperta, meaning 'open' spina bifida, is characterized by visible spinal defects. This form includes meningocele and myelomeningocele, with myelomeningocele being the most severe type. In myelomeningocele, the spinal membranes and nerves protrude through an opening in the spine, forming a sac. This exposure of nerves not only leads to various neurological complications but also significantly elevates the risk of infection.