Electrolyte imbalances can lead to various symptoms. Fluctuations in sodium levels (excess or deficiency) can cause symptoms such as muscle spasms, convulsions, extreme thirst, lethargy, or confusion. Changes in potassium levels are associated with muscle cramps and weakness, polyuria (frequent urination), cardiac arrhythmias (heart rhythm disorders), and in severe cases, cardiac arrest. Acid-base imbalances can lead to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, headaches, irritability, lethargy, and paresthesia (tingling) in the extremities (hands, feet) and lips.