Return to Search
EN
Genetic changes contributing to cancer typically affect three main types of genes: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes.
Proto-oncogenes are genes that regulate normal cell growth and division. However, specific alterations or over-activation in these genes can lead them to become cancer-causing genes (oncogenes), promoting uncontrolled cell growth and survival.
Tumor suppressor genes play a crucial role in controlling cell growth and division, thereby preventing tumor formation. Mutations in these genes can cause cells to divide indefinitely, paving the way for cancer development.
DNA repair genes are responsible for correcting damaged DNA. Mutations in these genes can lead cells to accumulate additional mutations in other genes and chromosomes (such as amplifications and deletions).
The combination of these genetic changes can lead cells to transform into a cancerous state. Fortunately, various cancer treatments are now available that specifically target gene mutations found in cancer cells. Some of these targeted therapies may be applicable to all cancer patients carrying the relevant mutation, regardless of where the cancer originated. The most appropriate treatment option is determined by the type and stage of the cancer.
What types of genes cause cancer?
Proto-oncogenes are genes that regulate normal cell growth and division. However, specific alterations or over-activation in these genes can lead them to become cancer-causing genes (oncogenes), promoting uncontrolled cell growth and survival.
Tumor suppressor genes play a crucial role in controlling cell growth and division, thereby preventing tumor formation. Mutations in these genes can cause cells to divide indefinitely, paving the way for cancer development.
DNA repair genes are responsible for correcting damaged DNA. Mutations in these genes can lead cells to accumulate additional mutations in other genes and chromosomes (such as amplifications and deletions).
The combination of these genetic changes can lead cells to transform into a cancerous state. Fortunately, various cancer treatments are now available that specifically target gene mutations found in cancer cells. Some of these targeted therapies may be applicable to all cancer patients carrying the relevant mutation, regardless of where the cancer originated. The most appropriate treatment option is determined by the type and stage of the cancer.