The peritoneum, a vital membrane completely enveloping the abdominal wall and covering intra-abdominal organs, plays a crucial role in the abdominal region. Diseases frequently encountered within the abdomen, often involving cancer, include primary peritoneal cancer (such as pseudomyxoma peritonei) and cancers originating from the appendix, colon and rectum, ovaries, pancreas, or stomach. As these cancers progress, malignant cells can disseminate within the abdominal cavity through various routes: direct invasion of adjacent tissues, seeding into the peritoneal space, or via blood and lymphatic pathways. This spread often manifests as widespread peritoneal carcinomatosis, resembling a scattering of diffuse tumors throughout the abdomen, eventually affecting all intra-abdominal organs. The accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, known as ascites, typically indicates that the patient may no longer benefit from conventional systemic treatments. Such scenarios define advanced cancer cases. In these advanced stages, systemic intravenous chemotherapy often proves insufficient, as the drug may reach the peritoneum but struggle to penetrate the tumor nodules effectively. When cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is not a viable option, Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) offers a promising alternative. PIPAC helps control tumor progression and extends patient survival.

The therapeutic benefits of PIPAC are multifaceted. The reduced intra-abdominal pressure during the procedure improves cardiac function by enhancing blood circulation within the abdomen, facilitates digestive system function, and aids in controlling the tumor. This approach can significantly extend a patient's survival, potentially increasing a life expectancy of one to two months by tenfold or more. However, careful patient selection is paramount, with the patient's general health status, cellular morphology, tumor type, and genetic characteristics being critical factors for successful outcomes.