The diagnosis of male infertility is established through hormone tests, sperm analysis, imaging techniques, or surgical methods when necessary. Following diagnosis, if there are sufficient numbers and quality of sperm, intrauterine insemination (IUI) may be applied as the initial treatment option. However, in some cases, there may not be enough sperm even for IUI; in such situations, in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment is considered. Healthy sperm to be used in IVF treatment can be obtained through natural ejaculation or directly from the testis using surgical methods.