The primary modes of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) transmission are unprotected sexual contact and sharing injection equipment. The virus can be transmitted through an infected individual's blood, semen, vaginal and rectal fluids, breast milk, and other body fluids. HIV can enter the body through the mouth, anus, penis, vagina, or compromised skin (open wounds or cuts). It cannot pass through intact skin. Individuals of all ages and genders can contract HIV infection. The process initiated by the virus entering the body can, over time, weaken the immune system, leading to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy is also a significant risk factor. Therefore, it is crucial for pregnant women to be informed about HIV and to undergo testing if necessary. Protective drug treatments administered to the mother during pregnancy and to the baby after birth can significantly reduce this transmission risk.