Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is preventable. It primarily results from complications of untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal infections, such as strep throat. To prevent RHD, it is crucial to prevent these infections or treat them promptly and effectively with antibiotics when they occur. Even if symptoms improve within a few days, it is essential to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed to eradicate the infection completely. Untreated or incompletely treated streptococcal infections significantly increase the risk of developing rheumatic fever, which can then lead to RHD. Children who experience recurrent streptococcal throat infections are at the highest risk. Individuals with a history of rheumatic fever are also at increased risk of recurrence if they develop subsequent strep throat, scarlet fever, or certain skin infections.
For patients diagnosed with rheumatic valvular heart disease, regular follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor the condition of the heart and its valves. Depending on the extent of cardiac damage, certain activity restrictions may be recommended.