HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection is a chronic condition that targets and weakens the body's immune system. The virus destroys CD4 T cells, which are key components of the immune system. A decrease in CD4 T cell count reduces the body's resistance to diseases and infections.

HIV infection can often remain asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms for many years. A diagnosis of AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is made when the CD4 T cell count drops below 200 per microliter, or when an AIDS-defining illness, such as opportunistic infections or certain types of cancer, develops.

Thanks to current medical treatments, HIV infection has become manageable. While there is no curative treatment, antiviral medications help control the viral load in the body, protect the immune system, and slow down the progression of the disease. Consequently, individuals living with HIV can lead long and high-quality lives.