As with any surgery, complications such as bleeding, injury to major blood vessels or other organs, and reactions to anesthesia can occur during Wilms tumor surgery. While the probability of such complications is very low when the surgery is performed by expert surgeons specializing in this area, they remain among the risks of the procedure.

Pain may occur after Wilms tumor surgery, but this can be controlled with medication.

Rarely, there is a risk of internal bleeding, blood clots, and infections after Wilms tumor surgery. These are common risks associated with surgical procedures.

If tumors are present in both kidneys, complete removal of the kidneys may necessitate dialysis or kidney transplantation.