Lymphedema can occur following the removal of underarm lymph nodes and radiotherapy after breast cancer. Being overweight, and diseases such as rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis can also increase the risk of lymphedema. Infections acquired in some tropical countries, and inherited familial conditions can also contribute to this condition.

Individuals at risk of lymphedema should wear loose-fitting clothes. They should avoid inactivity or excessive activity. Heavy lifting should be avoided. Being overweight is not recommended. They should protect themselves from skin and nail injuries. Exposure to cold and hot temperatures, saunas, and hot baths should be avoided. Massage is not recommended. Those at risk of lymphedema should also protect themselves from infections.