Epilepsy is a condition characterized by recurrent seizures resulting from excessive electrical discharges in brain cells, which disrupt the brain's normal electrical functions. In a significant number of epilepsy cases, the exact cause cannot be determined. However, when a cause can be identified, it often includes factors such as congenital anomalies, birth trauma, head injuries, cerebrovascular diseases, brain tumors, brain infections, and excessive alcohol or drug consumption. Additionally, genetic factors like Down syndrome, dementia, and various neurological conditions can contribute to epilepsy. Cases where the underlying cause cannot be identified are generally referred to as cryptogenic or idiopathic epilepsy. Epileptic seizures can manifest at any age throughout life. However, they are most frequently observed before the age of 20, particularly within the first three years of life and around adolescence.