Commonly known as "sixth disease," roseola infantum is an infectious childhood illness caused by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and sometimes human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), which belong to the herpes virus family. It typically affects young children between 6 months and 2 years of age. The illness begins with several days of high fever, followed by a characteristic non-itchy rash that is pink or rose-colored, usually starting on the torso and spreading to the body, once the fever subsides. The Latin name "roseola infantum" refers to the rose-like rash observed in young children.