While infertility often does not present with distinct symptoms, irregular menstrual cycles can be an indicator of ovulation problems. There are age-specific recommendations for seeking medical assistance in attempts to achieve pregnancy:
* For women under 35, it is advised to consult a specialist if pregnancy does not occur after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse.
* For women between 35 and 40 years of age, this period is considered to be six months.
* If women aged 40 and over desire to have children, it is recommended to start treatment as soon as possible following evaluations and examinations by a specialist physician.

In the following situations, investigations and treatment may commence earlier, regardless of the age factor:
* Known infertility issues in one of the partners,
* Irregular or painful menstrual cycles,
* History of genital infection,
* Recurrent miscarriages,
* Previous cancer treatment,
* Diagnosed endometriosis.

For pregnancy to occur in women, many complex and interconnected physiological processes must function smoothly. These fundamental processes include:
* Regular release of a healthy and mature egg from the ovaries (ovulation),
* Successful uptake of the released egg by the fallopian tubes,
* Sperm traveling through the cervix and uterus to reach the egg within the fallopian tubes and fertilization,
* The fertilized egg (embryo) progressing from the fallopian tube to the uterus, implanting itself in the uterine lining, and beginning healthy development there.

Any disruption or hindrance occurring at any of these critical stages can lead to infertility in women.