Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by consuming food or water contaminated with the Vibrio cholerae bacterium. This infection is characterized by severe watery diarrhea and accompanying dehydration.

The disease is more common in regions with limited access to adequate sanitation and clean water sources, particularly in less developed countries. Although largely controlled in industrialized nations thanks to modern water treatment and sewage systems, it remains a significant public health concern in regions like Africa, Southeast Asia, and Haiti. For prevention, access to clean water, diligent hand hygiene, and careful selection of food and beverages in areas with low hygiene standards are critically important.

The main symptoms of cholera are severe watery diarrhea and rapidly developing dehydration. In rare but serious cases, shock and seizures can occur. Particularly, dehydration due to excessive fluid loss can be fatal if left untreated. Therefore, early medical intervention is crucial. Treatment typically involves rehydration (oral or intravenous), intravenous fluids, and in some cases, antibiotics.