Measles symptoms typically manifest approximately 7 to 14 days after viral exposure. The initial symptoms, often preceding the characteristic rash, include a runny or congested nose, sneezing, coughing, sore throat, fatigue, and general malaise. High fever, watery and red eyes (conjunctivitis), and increased sensitivity to light (photophobia) are also common during this prodromal phase.
A distinctive sign, known as Koplik spots—small, grayish-white spots found inside the mouth—may appear 1 to 3 days before the rash.
The measles rash typically emerges 2 to 4 days after the onset of initial symptoms. It presents as small, reddish-brown, flat, or slightly raised spots. The rash commonly begins on the face and behind the ears, then spreads downwards to cover the head, neck, and eventually the entire body. While the spots may merge on the trunk, they often appear as discrete lesions on the arms and legs. A high fever, potentially reaching 40-41°C, frequently accompanies the rash.
The rash usually lasts for about 4 days, fading in the same downward progression as it appeared, sometimes accompanied by slight peeling. As the rash subsides, the patient's fever typically decreases.