The approach to treating ischemic colitis is determined by the severity of the disease and the patient's overall condition. Most ischemic colitis attacks are transient and tend to resolve spontaneously.
Mild cases of ischemic colitis can often be managed on an outpatient basis and may involve a liquid diet, close observation, and antibiotics when necessary.
Medical treatment options may include:
* Vasodilator (blood vessel dilating) medications to increase blood flow to the intestines.
* Thrombolytic or anticoagulant medications in the presence of blood clots.
* Discontinuation of migraine, hormone, or certain heart medications that can constrict blood vessels may be considered.
If underlying conditions such as heart failure or other systemic diseases are present, it is essential to treat these conditions first.
Surgical intervention may become necessary when conservative treatments are unsuccessful or when severe complications develop, such as:
* Colon perforation.
* Bowel obstruction.
* Tissue necrosis (dead tissue formation) in the bowel.