Type 2 diabetes arises when the body's cells develop resistance to insulin and the pancreas gradually loses its ability to produce sufficient insulin over time. This condition leads to elevated blood sugar levels because glucose cannot effectively enter the cells. Initially, the pancreas attempts to compensate by producing more insulin, but eventually, it may be unable to maintain normal blood sugar levels.

Several factors contribute to the development of Type 2 diabetes, including:

* Excess weight and obesity
* Physical inactivity
* Insulin resistance (a fundamental underlying factor)
* Genetic predisposition
* Distribution of body fat
* Race and ethnic background
* High blood lipid levels
* Age
* Prediabetes
* Pregnancy-related risks (e.g., gestational diabetes)
* Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
* Smoking
* Sleep deprivation