Treatment for Ewing sarcoma typically involves chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. In addition to these conventional methods, emerging treatments such as immunotherapy, which aims to destroy tumor cells by strengthening the immune system, and stem cell transplantation, also show promise. The primary goal of surgical treatment, whenever possible, is to preserve the patient's limb (arm or leg) – known as limb-sparing surgery. To achieve this, after the tumor is removed, the bone defect can be reconstructed using custom-designed prostheses or bone grafts taken from another part of the body. However, if the tumor has invaded surrounding blood vessels and nerves, and complete tumor removal with limb-sparing surgery is not feasible, amputation of the limb may be considered as a last resort to save the patient's life.