Thyroid cancer risk factors can be classified as congenital and acquired. The main factors known to increase the risk of thyroid cancer are:

Gender: Thyroid cancer is more common in women than in men. Although the exact reason for this is not fully understood, it is thought that the hormone estrogen may play a role.

Radiotherapy: Radiotherapy applied to the head and neck region, especially during childhood or adolescence, can significantly increase the risk of thyroid cancer.

Genetic Factors: Specific gene mutations occurring at the cellular level and genetic predispositions can increase the risk of thyroid cancer.

Familial History: A family history of thyroid cancer can increase an individual's risk of developing the disease.