Autoimmune diseases are conditions that arise when the immune system fails to differentiate between its own healthy cells and foreign invaders, subsequently attacking the body's own tissues and organs. Normally, the immune system recognizes and acts against pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi that could harm the body. Each cell membrane in the body carries specific molecules that allow the immune system to identify it as 'self'. However, in autoimmune diseases, the immune system mistakenly perceives healthy cells, tissues, and organs as foreign or harmful, initiating an attack against them.