Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the inner lining of the large intestine and rectum. In this condition, inflammation, small open sores, or ulcers develop in the lining of the colon. While the exact cause of ulcerative colitis is not fully understood, genetic predisposition and an autoimmune response where the immune system attacks its own healthy tissues play significant roles. The disease can affect individuals of all age groups. Common symptoms may include abdominal pain, cramps, persistent or bloody diarrhea, rectal pain, rectal bleeding, and fever. Treatment generally involves medications, dietary adjustments, and in some cases, surgical intervention.