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Acute leukemia treatment requires patience from the patient, their family, and the healthcare team. Treatment is lengthy.
The primary goal of treatment is to reduce the percentage of leukemia cells (blasts) in the bone marrow, which is typically above 20% at diagnosis, to below 5%. This is achieved through the following:
**Standard Remission Induction Therapy:** This treatment aims to induce remission, meaning reducing leukemia cells to below the target percentage. This is the standard treatment for patients under 60 years of age with good clinical performance. Treatment may include both chemotherapy and targeted therapy (smart drugs) that target existing surface antigens or genetic abnormalities. Chemotherapy lasts 7 days. Targeted therapy, specifically with a drug for FLT-3 mutation, may be administered between days 8 and 21 if the mutation is detected. The process of eliminating leukemia cells from the bone marrow and replacing them with normal cells, assuming no complications, takes approximately one month. Inpatient monitoring is required during this period.
**Consolidation Therapy:** This treatment is administered to maintain remission once the percentage of leukemia cells has fallen below 5%. It may also be called intensification therapy.
**Maintenance Therapy:** In patients who have undergone transplantation and have an FLT-3 mutation, maintenance therapy with targeted therapy may be used. There is no consensus on the duration of this therapy.
How is Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) treated?
The primary goal of treatment is to reduce the percentage of leukemia cells (blasts) in the bone marrow, which is typically above 20% at diagnosis, to below 5%. This is achieved through the following:
**Standard Remission Induction Therapy:** This treatment aims to induce remission, meaning reducing leukemia cells to below the target percentage. This is the standard treatment for patients under 60 years of age with good clinical performance. Treatment may include both chemotherapy and targeted therapy (smart drugs) that target existing surface antigens or genetic abnormalities. Chemotherapy lasts 7 days. Targeted therapy, specifically with a drug for FLT-3 mutation, may be administered between days 8 and 21 if the mutation is detected. The process of eliminating leukemia cells from the bone marrow and replacing them with normal cells, assuming no complications, takes approximately one month. Inpatient monitoring is required during this period.
**Consolidation Therapy:** This treatment is administered to maintain remission once the percentage of leukemia cells has fallen below 5%. It may also be called intensification therapy.
**Maintenance Therapy:** In patients who have undergone transplantation and have an FLT-3 mutation, maintenance therapy with targeted therapy may be used. There is no consensus on the duration of this therapy.