Early diagnosis is of vital importance in the treatment of sickle cell anemia. The primary goals of treatment are to prevent complications such as stroke and organ damage, infections, and symptoms. Various drug therapies are administered to prevent sickle cell crises in patients. Blood transfusions are effective in reducing anemia and the risk of stroke, and also in diluting sickle hemoglobin with normal hemoglobin to manage chronic pain, acute chest syndrome, splenic sequestration, and other emergencies. Bone marrow transplantation is an important treatment option for sickle cell disease. It is recommended to be performed before serious complications develop, particularly in patients with an HLA-matched healthy sibling donor, up to the age of 16.