The primary diseases for which autologous stem cell transplantation is performed in childhood include:

* Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
* Hodgkin Lymphoma
* Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
* Neuroblastoma
* Ewing Sarcoma
* Medulloblastoma (a type of brain tumor)
* Soft Tissue Sarcomas
* Germ Cell Tumors
* Wilms Tumor (a type of kidney tumor)
* Retinoblastoma (a type of eye tumor)
* Certain Autoimmune Diseases