Colposcopy plays a critical role in the early diagnosis of cervical cancer, especially when it presents without clinical symptoms. It is performed for a detailed evaluation of the cervix in patients with abnormal cytological test results or smear tests, or those with positive high-risk HPV types (particularly HPV 16 or 18) in an HPV test. Since cervical cancer generally progresses slowly, suspicious changes detected during routine gynecological examinations can be more thoroughly investigated with colposcopy.

The scope of colposcopy is not limited to the early detection of cervical cancer. This procedure is also valuable in the diagnosis and follow-up of various gynecological conditions. Colposcopy is generally indicated in the following situations:

* Diagnosis and suspicion of cervical cancer.
* Evaluation of suspicious lesions in the vulva and vagina, precancerous changes, or unexplained persistent itching.
* Detection of potential changes in cervical and vaginal tissue that could develop into cancer (precancerous lesions).
* Evaluation of suspicious gynecological findings during pregnancy.
* Investigation of the causes of infertility.
* Detailed examination of the area before any surgical procedures on the cervix.