Dialysis treatment is a medical procedure applied to remove accumulated waste products and excess fluid from the bloodstream when kidney functions are insufficient. This treatment is based on two fundamental principles: ultrafiltration and diffusion.

During the treatment process, a sterilized and specially prepared solution containing mineral ions, called dialysate, is used. Through this solution, harmful metabolic wastes such as urea, creatinine, and excess phosphate accumulated in the blood pass into the dialysate fluid via diffusion. At the same time, deficient electrolytes and minerals in the patient's blood are also re-introduced into the blood in a controlled manner.

Semi-permeable membranes are used to facilitate this exchange of substances and fluids between the blood and the dialysate. Dialysis machines house this dialysate solution and an effective membrane system. As the dialysate fluid enriched with waste products is pumped out of the machine, the cleansed blood is safely returned to the patient's circulatory system.