The most common spinal causes of pain often addressed by spinal injection techniques include cervical and lumbar disc herniations, facet joint pain, sacroiliac joint dysfunction, spinal osteoarthritis, epidural fibrosis following previous lumbar disc surgery, and spinal canal stenosis, particularly prevalent in older adults.

A disc herniation involves a rupture of the intervertebral disc, leading to localized back pain. More notably, it can cause nerve root compression, resulting in radiating pain (sciatica) that extends down the leg, often more severe than the back pain itself.

Spinal canal stenosis also typically presents with radiating leg pain, but in a chronic pattern. Patients experience cramp-like pain in both legs that intensifies with walking and subsides with rest, a characteristic symptom known as neurogenic claudication.

Spinal injection techniques provide a rapid and effective approach to managing these various forms of spinal pain.