The primary causes of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) are premature birth (early gestational week) and low birth weight. The process of retinal vascularization in a baby's eye typically begins around the 16th week of gestation and is completed by the 40th week, which is a full-term pregnancy. In prematurely born infants, this vascular development remains incomplete. Due to premature birth, these babies may experience respiratory problems and various systemic diseases. High-dose oxygen therapy administered for respiratory issues is a significant risk factor for the development of ROP in these infants.