To diagnose pericardial effusion, a specialist doctor thoroughly evaluates the patient's medical history and conducts a comprehensive physical examination. During this examination, symptoms such as low blood pressure, tachycardia (rapid heart rate), and jugular venous distension (swelling in the neck veins) may be observed. To confirm the diagnosis and determine the characteristics of the effusion, the following additional tests may be requested:
* Electrocardiogram (ECG): Records the electrical activity of the heart.
* Chest X-ray: Especially in large effusions, an enlargement of the cardiac silhouette may be seen.
* Computed Tomography (CT): Provides detailed cross-sectional images of the chest cavity.
* Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (MRI): Offers high-resolution imaging of the heart and pericardium.
* Echocardiogram (Heart Ultrasound): This is the most important diagnostic method for evaluating the presence, quantity, and impact of pericardial effusion on the heart.