The definitive treatment for cataracts is surgical intervention. Primarily, two techniques are employed in these surgeries: intracapsular cataract extraction and the more commonly preferred extracapsular cataract extraction. Extracapsular extraction, in turn, is divided into two main methods: planned extracapsular surgery (intraocular lens implantation), which is a sutured procedure, and phacoemulsification, commonly known as 'laser cataract surgery' among the public, which is a sutureless method.
If surgical intervention is delayed, a white, mature cataract may be observed in the pupil area. The surgery offers patients various vision correction options, such as correcting distant vision only, distant and near vision, or distant, near, and intermediate vision. An appropriate intraocular lens (IOL) is selected based on the patient's preferences and general health status, and the surgery is performed. For patients with high astigmatism, special toric lenses are implanted.