Surgical intervention is a fundamental and frequently employed method in the treatment of rectal cancer. Surgical options vary depending on the tumor's location and stage, including sphincter-preserving resections or resections that may require a permanent stoma (e.g., abdominoperineal resection). Depending on the cancer's stage, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are also important components of the treatment protocol. Particularly in stage 2 and 3 rectal cancer, these treatments are applied to shrink the tumor (neoadjuvant therapy) and reduce the risk of disease recurrence (adjuvant therapy).