Bone marrow biopsy (BMB) is an important diagnostic method for the differential diagnosis of bone marrow and blood diseases. The main application areas for BMB are as follows:

* To investigate the underlying etiology of resistant anemias not due to known causes such as iron, B12, or folic acid deficiency.
* In cases of leukopenia (low white blood cell count) or leukocytosis (high white blood cell count) accompanying anemia.
* To determine the underlying cause when thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) or thrombocytosis (high platelet count) is observed along with anemia.
* It is utilized not only for bone marrow cancers but also in the diagnosis of metabolic diseases, such as glycogen storage diseases, that affect the bone marrow.
* Lymphoma staging.
* To determine if organ cancers have metastasized to the bone marrow.
* Diagnosis of bone marrow failure syndromes like aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.