Pulmonary hypertension cannot be diagnosed through a routine physical examination; advanced and specialized investigations are always required. Initially, echocardiography is used to assess for elevated pressure in the pulmonary artery. If echocardiography suggests pulmonary hypertension, further examinations such as electrocardiogram (ECG), chest X-ray, pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gas analysis, lung tomography, abdominal ultrasound, and various blood tests are performed to confirm the diagnosis and identify underlying causes. Following these initial tests, patients diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension may require right heart catheterization for definitive diagnosis and assessment of disease severity. Right heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure, not a treatment, which involves directly measuring pressures in the heart chambers and pulmonary artery using contrast material. If the disease is in advanced stages, excessively high pressure in the pulmonary artery can strain the right side of the heart, leading to right heart failure. Patients with right heart failure may exhibit symptoms of edema (swelling) in the abdomen and legs.