Atherosclerosis occurs when arterial plaques go unnoticed and progress. Atherosclerosis, also known as arteriosclerosis, results from the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the arterial walls. Over time, these plaques gradually harden. These plaques accumulate in the walls of the arteries, causing them to thicken and narrow, ultimately obstructing blood flow. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease that develops slowly and silently. Factors such as advancing age, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking can lead to cholesterol accumulation in the cells (endothelium) lining the inner surface of arteries. Genetic predisposition, excess weight, obesity, metabolic syndrome (including diabetes), poor dietary habits—particularly a high-calorie, high-fat diet—lack of physical activity, and a stressful environment can all contribute to atherosclerosis.