Colposcopy is a non-invasive procedure that allows a doctor to examine the cervix. It involves using a colposcope, an illuminated magnifying instrument with 6-40x magnification, to obtain a clearer view of the cervix and allow for a more thorough assessment.

Colposcopy is a clinical procedure; the colposcope itself is an illuminated magnifying glass resembling a telescope. Performing a gynecological examination with the magnification provided by colposcopy, as opposed to the naked eye, allows for better evaluation of the cervix and vagina, primarily in the detection of cervical cancer.

If a suspicious area is observed during a colposcopy, a colposcopic biopsy can be performed to further examine the area.